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New technologies emerge
Currently, various new mechanical seal technologies using new materials and processes are progressing rapidly, as follows:
1. Sealing surface slotting sealing technology: In recent years, various flow channels have been opened on the sealing end face of mechanical seals to generate fluid static and dynamic pressure effects, and they are still being continuously updated. This technology combines flat sealing and slotted bearings, with the advantages of low leakage (or even no leakage), large film thickness, elimination of contact friction, and reduced power consumption and heat generation.
2. Zero leakage sealing technology: Israel has proposed a new concept of zero leakage non-contact mechanical end face seal using slotted sealing technology, which has been applied in lubricating oil pumps of nuclear power plants, breaking the previous understanding that contact and non-contact mechanical seals cannot achieve zero leakage (or no leakage).
3. Dry operation gas sealing technology: This type of sealing uses slotted sealing technology for gas sealing.
Upstream pumping sealing technology: It uses a groove on the sealing surface to pump a small amount of leaked fluid downstream back to the upstream. Its structure adopts shallow grooves, with film thickness and groove depth both in the micrometer range. Lubrication grooves, radial sealing dams, and circumferential sealing weirs are used to form the sealing and bearing part .
4. Hot fluid dynamic pressure sealing technology: It uses various shapes of deep sealing surface flow channels to cause local thermal deformation and generate fluid dynamic wedge effect. This type of seal with fluid dynamic pressure bearing capacity is called hot fluid dynamic wedge seal .
5. Bellows sealing technology: can be divided into formed metal bellows and welded metal bellows mechanical sealing technology .
Multi end sealing technology: divided into double sealing, intermediate ring sealing, and multi sealing technology. In addition, there are also parallel surface sealing technology, monitoring sealing technology, and combination sealing technology.
Application progress in specific environments
6. High temperature and high pressure environment
The application of new chemical machinery sealing technology in high-temperature and high-pressure environments has significant advantages, but it also faces some problems and corresponding countermeasures have been proposed
Advantages:
(1）. High temperature and high pressure resistance performance: Under the harsh test of high temperature and high pressure, these sealing components exhibit extraordinary heat resistance and mechanical strength, as well as excellent thermal cycle resistance. Even in the case of large temperature fluctuations, they can maintain the integrity and sealing performance of the sealing surface, reduce equipment failure rates and maintenance costs.
(2). Sealing effect and stability: This technology has the ability to resist external factors such as temperature fluctuations, pressure changes, and medium corrosion, and can maintain stable sealing performance in complex and changing working conditions, improving the overall operating efficiency and safety of chemical equipment.
(3). Convenient maintenance and extended lifespan: The new sealing technology effectively reduces wear and leakage by using wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, as well as optimizing the contact characteristics of the sealing surface, thereby extending the service life of the seal in high temperature and high pressure environments.
Problem: There are material performance limitations (such as material aging under high temperature and high pressure, challenges in material fatigue strength and creep performance), design defects in sealing structures (such as structural deformation and matching of thermal expansion coefficients under high temperature and high pressure), and difficulties in operation and maintenance (such as high maintenance risks and balancing maintenance costs and efficiency).
Countermeasures: Proposed optimization measures for material innovation and improvement (such as through material surface treatment and modification technology, coating technology), structural optimization and design innovation (such as functional integration, design of thermal expansion compensation mechanism, simulation and testing of structural strength), and intelligent monitoring and maintenance system.
Currently, various new mechanical seal technologies using new materials and processes are progressing rapidly, as follows:
1. Sealing surface slotting sealing technology: In recent years, various flow channels have been opened on the sealing end face of mechanical seals to generate fluid static and dynamic pressure effects, and they are still being continuously updated. This technology combines flat sealing and slotted bearings, with the advantages of low leakage (or even no leakage), large film thickness, elimination of contact friction, and reduced power consumption and heat generation.
2. Zero leakage sealing technology: Israel has proposed a new concept of zero leakage non-contact mechanical end face seal using slotted sealing technology, which has been applied in lubricating oil pumps of nuclear power plants, breaking the previous understanding that contact and non-contact mechanical seals cannot achieve zero leakage (or no leakage).
3. Dry operation gas sealing technology: This type of sealing uses slotted sealing technology for gas sealing.
Upstream pumping sealing technology: It uses a groove on the sealing surface to pump a small amount of leaked fluid downstream back to the upstream. Its structure adopts shallow grooves, with film thickness and groove depth both in the micrometer range. Lubrication grooves, radial sealing dams, and circumferential sealing weirs are used to form the sealing and bearing part .
4. Hot fluid dynamic pressure sealing technology: It uses various shapes of deep sealing surface flow channels to cause local thermal deformation and generate fluid dynamic wedge effect. This type of seal with fluid dynamic pressure bearing capacity is called hot fluid dynamic wedge seal .
5. Bellows sealing technology: can be divided into formed metal bellows and welded metal bellows mechanical sealing technology .
Multi end sealing technology: divided into double sealing, intermediate ring sealing, and multi sealing technology. In addition, there are also parallel surface sealing technology, monitoring sealing technology, and combination sealing technology.
Application progress in specific environments
6. High temperature and high pressure environment
The application of new chemical machinery sealing technology in high-temperature and high-pressure environments has significant advantages, but it also faces some problems and corresponding countermeasures have been proposed
Advantages:
(1）. High temperature and high pressure resistance performance: Under the harsh test of high temperature and high pressure, these sealing components exhibit extraordinary heat resistance and mechanical strength, as well as excellent thermal cycle resistance. Even in the case of large temperature fluctuations, they can maintain the integrity and sealing performance of the sealing surface, reduce equipment failure rates and maintenance costs.
(2). Sealing effect and stability: This technology has the ability to resist external factors such as temperature fluctuations, pressure changes, and medium corrosion, and can maintain stable sealing performance in complex and changing working conditions, improving the overall operating efficiency and safety of chemical equipment.
(3). Convenient maintenance and extended lifespan: The new sealing technology effectively reduces wear and leakage by using wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, as well as optimizing the contact characteristics of the sealing surface, thereby extending the service life of the seal in high temperature and high pressure environments.
Problem: There are material performance limitations (such as material aging under high temperature and high pressure, challenges in material fatigue strength and creep performance), design defects in sealing structures (such as structural deformation and matching of thermal expansion coefficients under high temperature and high pressure), and difficulties in operation and maintenance (such as high maintenance risks and balancing maintenance costs and efficiency).
Countermeasures: Proposed optimization measures for material innovation and improvement (such as through material surface treatment and modification technology, coating technology), structural optimization and design innovation (such as functional integration, design of thermal expansion compensation mechanism, simulation and testing of structural strength), and intelligent monitoring and maintenance system.
